He expanded the Kushan Empire into the northwest of South Asia. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Ban Gu's Book of Han tells us the Kushans (Kuei-shuang) divided up Bactria in 128BC. His rule is recorded at Mathura, in Gandhara and as far south as Sanchi (near Vidisa), where several inscriptions in his name have been found, dated to the year 22 (the Sanchi inscription of "Vaksushana" i.e., Vasishka Kushana) and year 28 (the Sanchi inscription of Vasaska i.e., Vasishka) of a possible second Kanishka era. Kushan dynasty existed from 30 to 375 AD. At the height of the dynasty, the Kushans loosely ruled a territory that extended to the Aral Sea through present-day Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, into northern India. However, a recent archaeometallurgical study of trace elements through proton activation analysis has shown that Kushan gold contains high concentrations of platinum and palladium, which rules out the hypothesis of a Roman provenance. He too was a patron of art and under his patronage Mathura school of art prospered. [137], The Sasanians deposed the Western dynasty and replaced them with Persian vassals known as the Kushanshas (in Bactrian on their coinage: KAN A Koshano Shao)[138] also called Indo-Sasanians or Kushano-Sasanians. [122], Vasudeva I:Mamane Dheri Buddha, inscribed with "Year 89", probably of the Kanishka era (AD 216). Provided by: Wikimedia. He established his supremacy over Kabul, Kandahar and Afghanistan. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/isl.2015.0036. In Homeworld, the Kushan serve as the main protagonists to lead them back to their Homeworld. [113] The similarity of the Gandhara Bodhisattva with the portrait of the Kushan ruler Heraios is also striking. [42] The five tribes constituting the Yuezhi are known in Chinese history as Xim (), Gushung (), Shungm (), Xdn (), and Dm (). [144][143][145] This suggests that by the time of the Allahabad inscription the Kushans still ruled in Punjab, but under the suzerainty of the Gupta Emperor. The Kushans ruled from first to second century AD, extending its reach to each and every corner of the valley. Under his rule, Kushana Empire extended from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan to. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. Chinese chronicles relate battles between the Kushans and the Chinese general Ban Chao. License:CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlikeYuezhi. ", These conquests by Kujula Kadphises probably took place sometime between AD 45 and 60 and laid the basis for the Kushan Empire which was rapidly expanded by his descendants. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The last of the Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian kingdoms were eventually overwhelmed by invaders from the north, known as the Kidarites, and then the Hephthalites. Named inscriptions dating from year 64 to 98 of Kanishka's era suggest his reign extended from at least AD 191 to 225. [citation needed], The remnants of Kushan culture under the Kidarites in the northwest were ultimately wiped out in the end of the 5th century by the invasions of the Alchon Huns (sometimes considered as a branch of the Hephthalites), and later the Nezak Huns. The empire was very large and penetrated deep into northern India. Coin of Sasanian ruler, For example, the 12th century historical chronicle from. He ruled from 127 to 151 CE. Located at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushan_Empire. Deity Oesho on the reverse, thought to be Shiva,[97][98][105] or the Zoroastrian Vayu. The Kushan style of Kidarite coins indicates they claimed Kushan heritage. In retaliation, they marched on Ban Chao in AD 90 with a force of 70,000 but were defeated by the smaller Chinese force. The Yuezhi lived in the grasslands of eastern Central Asias Tarim Basin, in modern-day Xinjiang, China (possibly speaking varieties of Indo-European languages), until they were driven west by the Xiongnu in 176-160 BCE. . [70] A 2nd century stone inscription by a Great Satrap named Rupiamma was discovered in Pauni, south of the Narmada river, suggesting that Kushan control extended this far south, although this could alternatively have been controlled by the Western Satraps. Who was the greatest ruler of the Kushana dynasty where was his capital? Requested URL: byjus.com/free-ias-prep/ncert-notes-kushana-empire/, User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36. Soon the Kushans became the most powerful among the various Yueh-chi tribes. Scholars are said to have found many Buddhist scrolls that contained the Gandhari language. Its military combines large, well organized conventional forces with various supernatural creatures and human magic users. He was the predecessor of Vima Kadphises, and Kanishka I. The last significant Kushana ruler was Vasudeva. [82], The Kushan religious pantheon is extremely varied, as revealed by their coins that were made in gold, silver, and copper. 307323. [citation needed], Kujula Kadphises was the great-grandfather of Kanishka. He issued an extensive series of coins and inscriptions. He calls himself a "tyrant" in Greek on his coins, and also exhibits skull deformation. Alternate titles: Kusana dynasty, Kushana dynasty. Provided by: Wikipedia. [48] Archaeological structures are known in Takht-i Sangin, Surkh Kotal (a monumental temple), and in the palace of Khalchayan. License:CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlikeKhunjerab Pass. In retaliation, they marched on Ban Chao in 86 with a force of 70,000, but were defeated by a smaller Chinese force. [44][45] According to John M. Rosenfield, Turushka, Tukhra or Tukhra are variations of the word Tokhari in Indian writings. In, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, Hestia, a Tabula Iliaca and Poseidon's trident, "Afghanistan: Central Asian and Sassanian Rule, ca. Jivadaman The Kushans possibly used the Greek language initially for administrative purposes, but soon began to use the Bactrian language. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. After the rise of the Ssnian dynasty in Iran and of local powers in northern India, Kushan rule declined. The Kushans were instrumental in spreading Buddhism in Central Asia and China and in developing Mahayana Buddhism and the Gandhara and Mathura schools of art. A direct road from Gandhara to China remained under Kushan control for more than a century, encouraging travel across the Karakoram and facilitating the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China. Various sculptures and friezes from this period are known, representing horse-riding archers,[49] and, significantly, men such as the Kushan prince of Khalchayan with artificially deformed skulls, a practice well attested in nomadic Central Asia. Viradaman [32] You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Under Kaniska I (flourished 1st century ce) and his successors, the Kushan kingdom reached its height. The Kushan Empire linked the seagoing trade of the Indian Ocean with the commerce of the Silk Road, via the Indus Valley, while providing security that encouraged travel across the Khunjerab Pass and facilitated the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China. The Kushans adopted elements of the Hellenistic culture of Bactria. He was a worshipper of Siva. [63], Other areas of probable rule include Khwarezm and its capital city of Toprak-Kala,[62][64] Kausambi (excavations of Allahabad University),[62] Sanchi and Sarnath (inscriptions with names and dates of Kushan kings),[62] Malwa and Maharashtra,[65] and Odisha (imitation of Kushan coins, and large Kushan hoards). Chandragupta II, Mahi (c. 300305)[t 4] excellent wool carpets, perfumes of all sorts, sugar loaves, pepper, ginger, and black salt." The summer capital of the Kushan in Begram has yielded a considerable . Rudrasena I, Huvishka (c. 151 c. 190)[t 4] It is revealed that the Kushan are not native to the desert planet, having actually arrived there from Hiigara after being sent into an exile by the Taiidan Empire. In particular he devoted time and effort early in his reign to the exertion of greater control over the city of Mathura. [note 3]. They had diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, Sassanid Persia, Aksumite Empire, and Han China. "[44], Some traces remain of the presence of the Kushans in the area of Bactria and Sogdiana in the 2nd-1st century BC, where they had displaced the Sakas, who moved further south. 2nd century B.C.3rd century A.D.) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History", "Ancient Iran: The movement of Iranian peoples", "On the origin of the Kushans with reference to numismatic and anthropological data", "Nomad Migration in Central Asia (in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam)", "The Sino-Kharosthi coins of Khotan part 2", "Bactrian Documents from Ancient Afghanistan", "The Stpa of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great", "Panel fragment with the god Shiva/Oesho", "Two Curious Kidarite Coin Types From 3th Century Kashmir", The Glorious History of Kushana Empire, Adesh Katariya, 2012, p.69, Eastern Kushans, Kidarines in Gandhara ans Kashmir, and Later Hephthalites, "Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies", New documents help fix controversial Kushan dating, The CoinIndia Online Catalogue of Kushan Coins, Dedicated resource to study of Kushan Empire, imalayan and Central Asian Studies: Journal of Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation Volume 5 Issue 2, BactriaMargiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kushan_Empire&oldid=1120908436, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2021, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Bactrian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles containing Parthian-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2021, All articles needing additional references, Pages with login required references or sources, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Two copper coins of Huvishka bear a 'Ganesa' legend, but instead of depicting the typical. He established himself as king, and his dynasty was called that of the Guishuang [Kushan] King. For the fictional video game race, see, A map of India in the 2nd century AD showing the extent of the Kushan Empire (in yellow) during the reign of. It was acknowledged as one of the four great Eurasian powers of its time (the others being China, Rome, and Parthia). Kushan Empire was a major ruling group of the post-Mauryan period. Qiujiuque (Kujula Kadphises) was more than eighty years old when he died. The eastern Kushan kingdom was based in the Punjab. Epoch of Glory-The Kushan Dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the Kushan Empire. The last of the Kushan and Sassanian kingdoms were eventually overwhelmed by the Hepthalites, another Indo-European people from the north. Yasodaman I He established his supremacy over Kabul, Kandahar and Afghanistan. [citation needed], As the Kushans took control of the area of Mathura as well, the Art of Mathura developed considerably, and free-standing statues of the Buddha came to be mass-produced around this time, possibly encouraged by doctrinal changes in Buddhism allowing to depart from the aniconism that had prevailed in the Buddhist sculptures at Mathura, Bharhut or Sanchi from the end of the 2nd century BC. The Hou Hanshu says: "His son, Yangaozhen [probably Vema Tahk (tu) or, possibly, his brother Sadakaa], became king in his place. The Kushan dynasty had diplomatic contacts with the Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Aksumite Empire and the Han dynasty of China. After the death of Vasudeva I in 225, the Kushan empire split into western and eastern halves. Rudrasena IV, Varahran I (325350) The empire was very large and penetrated deep into northern India. The Kushan were a powerful empire divided into extended families called Kiithid, centered on . [24][25][26][27][28][38] An Iranian, specifically Saka,[39] origin, also has some support among scholars. Samudragupta Kushan Expansion. [76], In the West, the Kushan state covered the Prata state of Balochistan, western Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. Located at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuezhi. He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sasanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sasanians or Kushanshahs in what is nowadays Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India from around AD 240. [139], The Eastern Kushan kingdom, also known as the "Little Kushans", was based in the Punjab. Also, monasteries were being established along these land routes that went from China and other parts of Asia. [citation needed], One of the most recent list of rulers with dates is as follows:[148], Jayadaman Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies, vol. The Sassanian king Shapur I (240270) claims in his Naqsh-e Rostam inscription possession of the territory of the Kushans (Kn ahr) as far as "Purushapura" (Peshawar), suggesting he controlled Bactria and areas as far as the Hindu-Kush or even south of it:[137]. The Kushan are a race that lived on Kharak. [143] Still, the Buddhist art of Gandhara continued to flourish, and cities such as Sirsukh near Taxila were established. Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, KAN A or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, [1] or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars [2] to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. Rudradaman I Kushan Dynasty Art The Kushan dynasty followed Asoka's Mauryan regime as an artistically vivid and powerful empire due to its prominent role in securing India's position within the wider Asian context. Although philosophy, art, and science developed within its borders, the only textual record we have of the Kushan Empires history comes from inscriptions and accounts in other languages, particularly Chinese. According to the Rabatak inscription, Kanishka was the son of Vima Kadphises, the grandson of Sadashkana, and the great-grandson of Kujula Kadphises. AD 193-211, A bronze coin of Kanishka the Great found in, The Kushano-Sasanians imitated the Kushans in some of their Bactrian coinage. At this time since the Nirvana of the blessed Sakya Simha in this terrestrial world one hundred fifty years, it is said, had elapsed. Then in the mid-4th century they were subjugated by the Gupta Empire under Samudragupta. and more. 672675. Kanishka was the most well-known Kushan emperor. During the 1st and 2nd century AD, the Kushan Empire expanded militarily to the north, putting them at the center of the profitable Central Asian commerce. [122], Vasudeva I:Hashtnagar Buddha and its piedestal, inscribed with "year 384" of the Yavana era (c. AD 209). It used the Kharosthi script, which is derived from the Aramaic script, and it died out about in the 4th century CE. Rudrasimha I [69] The Yuezhi retreated and paid tribute to the Chinese Empire. [77] In the 2nd century AD, the Kushans under Kanishka made various forays into the Tarim Basin, where they had various contacts with the Chinese. [115] The artistic cultural influence of kushans declined slowly due to Hellenistic Greek and Indian influences. [123][124][125] The coinage of the Kushans was copied as far as the Kushano-Sasanians in the west, and the kingdom of Samatata in Bengal to the east. The Kushans were influenced by the Hellenistic kingdoms, and maintained a wide variety of faiths, including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Datarvharna, KUSHANO-SASANIANS Delegates to the . On their coins they used Greek language legends combined with Pali legends (in the Kharoshthi script), until the first few years of the reign of Kanishka.
Home Health Care Jobs Near Me No Experience,
Filling Set For 40 Dosing Capsules,
Data Flow Diagram In Staruml,
Harvard Pilgrim Provider Phone Number,
Phospholipid Head And Tail Similarities,
Shaman King Vanguard Release Date,
Rinvoq Atopic Dermatitis Fda Approval,
Mysql Direct Query Power Bi,
Rinvoq Fda Label 2022,
Which Daria Character Are You Uquiz,