teenage pregnancy research

Many researchers identified the factors that have been identified as some of the major determinants of teenage pregnancies, including low educational levels, low economic status, low wages among working teenagers, and lack of knowledge on reproductive health. T-statistics were calculated for each covariate before and after matching to check for covariate balance (Fig. Hence, the risk of teenage pregnancy is high. This is significantly higher than the 10.3% teenage pregnancy rate among those not having an older sister with a teenage pregnancy. Meade et al. All data management, programming and analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3. McCall et al. The discrepancy may be due to methodological variations: EDHS included adolescents in the community whereas this study focused only on high school adolescents. This index combines neighborhood information on income, education, employment, and family structure. Information on data linkage, confidentiality/privacy, and validity of the datasets used have been described elsewhere [2022]. Ever pregnant: was measured by asking the respondent Have you ever been pregnant? which includes pregnancies that ended in live birth, still birth and abortion. Older teenagers and non-virgins tended to know more than others from personal experience or stories from others, but they still didnt feel entirely informed. Teenage pregnancy refers to a pregnancy in an 18-year-old woman or younger. The Manitoba Population Health Research Data Repository contains province-wide, routinely collected individual data over time (going back to 1970 in some files), across space (with residential location documented using six digit postal codes), for each family (with changes in family structure recorded every 6months) and for each resident. An individuals number of older sisters was also accounted for. With the confidence interval for the first model (examining the association between an older sisters teenage pregnancy and a younger sisters teenage pregnancy) ranging between 2.77 and 4.13, to attribute the higher rates of teenage pregnancy to unmeasured confounding rather than to an older sisters teen pregnancy status, that covariate would need to generate more than a 2.8-fold increase in the odds of teenage pregnancy and be a near perfect predictor of teenage pregnancy. Manlove J. (2015). Our country has the highest teen pregnancy rate. Whereas the overall fertility rates have significantly declined within the previous two decades . Across the board, however, friends were a particularly big source of information. To understand respondents views in regards to contraception, To identify how the target audience can be persuaded to use more condoms, To evaluate information sources and the role of Sexwise and ruthinking.co.uk, To evaluate the current campaigns, assess key out-takes, appeal, relevance, credibility and degree of integration across campaigns, To establish whether relationships and confidentiality have mileage as campaign ideas, Babies are more likely to have a lower than average weight, Infant mortality in this group is 60% higher than for babies of older women, Babies are less likely to be breast fed: 44% of mothers under 20 breast feed, compared to 64% of 20 to 24 yrs olds and up to 80% of older women, Daughters of teenage mothers may be more likely to become teenage parents themselves, Children of teenage mothers are more likely to have the experience of being part of a lone parent family, and are generally at increased risk of poverty, poor housing and poor nutrition, 8 friendship triads among 13 to 15 year olds (years 9 to 10), 4 friendship triads among 13 to 15s (African and Caribbean only), 8 friendship pairs among 15 to 17 year olds (years 11 to 12 or equivalent), 7 friendship pairs among 15 to 18s (all four ethnic groups), 4 friendship groups among 18 to 21 year olds, 10 individual depth interviews with Mums and Dads, 2 communications workshops with teenagers. Teenage pregnancy was defined as having at least one pregnancy between the ages of 14 and 19 (inclusive). 5). OPA invests in the implementation of effective TPP programs and provides funding to develop and evaluate new and innovative . Main sample: Birmingham, Camden, Dagenham, Enfield, Feltham, Lambeth, Leeds, Leicester, Lewisham, London, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, Plymouth, Sidcup, Southall, Wembley, Westminster, High risk geographical areas: Cornwall, Durham County, Grimsby, Hertfordshire, Morecambe, Torquay. Teenage pregnancy is a teenage girl between the ages of 13-19 becoming pregnant. Very few teenagers understand the issues regarding sexual intercourse and the use of contraceptives. National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, Counting It Up: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Teen birth rates continued to decline from 17.4 per 1,000 females in 2018 to 16.7 per 1,000 females in 2019. This paper contributes to understanding of the broader topic who is influential about what within the family. Bolton J, Au W, Walld R, Chateau D, Martens P, Leslie W, Enns M, Sareen J. Parental bereavement after the death of an offspring in a motor vehicle collision: A population-based study. Doctors can also help with particular information or medical needs. Teenage daughters of mothers who had their first child before age 20 had 1.57 (99% CI 1.301.89) times higher odds of pregnancy than those whose mothers had their first child after age 19. Health variables are measured continuously from physician claims and hospital abstracts (as long as an individual remains in Manitoba) [18]. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 578 students from four schools of the town. More information on access to these databases can be found at http://umanitoba.ca/faculties/health_sciences/medicine/units/community_health_sciences/departmental_units/mchp/resources/access.html. studydraft.org comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . In the second model (assessing the association between a mothers teenage childbearing and a younger sisters teenage pregnancy), the 99% confidence interval was 1.30 to 1.89; unobserved covariates would need to produce a much smaller increase in odds of teen pregnancy to nullify this finding. Read about one youths experience in AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC). We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. The researchers found that girls . Teenage pregnancy has wide ranging social implications: The Government has tackled these issues through the campaign Sex. McCall, S. J., Bhattacharya, S., Okpo, E., & Macfarlane, G. J. That can be very uncomfortable, and reason enough not to consider using them. 1,2 Birth rates fell 7% for females aged 15 to 17 years and 4% for females aged 18 to 19 years. Sensitivity testing was done with this population to determine how strongly educational achievement affected the odds of the variables of interest. "According to research in 2009 approximately 410,000 births occurred among teens aged 15-19 in the United States of America." (Razol, Warner, Gavin, Callaghan, Sptiz, Anderson, Barfield, Kahn, 2011, 6) Therefore, the United States of America ranks number one among all other countries and teen pregnancy is a A review of family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk found risk factors to include living in poor neighborhoods and families, having older siblings who were sexually active, and being a victim of sexual abuse [10]. Various social and biological factors influence the odds of teenage pregnancy; these include exposure to adversity during childhood and adolescence, a family history of teenage pregnancy, conduct and attention problems, family instability, and low educational achievement [4, 5]. Aside from the medical consequences, several other social and economic factors have got high association with teenage pregnancies (Udjo, 2013). This result is in line with studies conducted among adolescents in Mechakal District, Ethiopia, a study from USA and a WHO report which showed that living with both biological parents has a protective effect on the occurrence of teenage pregnancy (17, 2829). It continue to decline in 2012, the teen pregnancy rate drop to 29.4 per 1,000 (Folken et al., 2014). This makes them more out of reach and intimidating forms of contraception as the teenager is required to talk to someone about sex. Sensitivity analysis helped assess the validity of the assumption of no unobservable confounders, and assessed how strong the influence of unobserved covariates would have to be in order to nullify our findings [35, 36]. We will write a custom essay specifically for you. In several years, such variables can be incorporated into models of teenage pregnancy. [9] did adjust for school performance; in the adjusted sub-sample, the odds ratio reduced to 1.34, indicating a 34% increase in teenage pregnancy. Call us at 1-800-672-2296 to find a local pregnancy center or maternity home for assistance. You may notice problems with sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Schematic presentation of sampling procedure among schools in Arba Minch town, March 2014(n=578). Family members both contribute to an individuals attitudes and values around teenage pregnancy, and share social risks (such as poverty, ethnicity, and lack of opportunities) that influence the likelihood of teenage pregnancy [6, 7]. Teenage pregnancy is a broad subject, and before embarking on writing the research paper, you should brainstorm on the issue thoroughly. In 2014, 17 percent of teen births were to adolescents who had already had one or more children. Teenage pregnancy also has significant long term social consequences for the adolescents, their children, their families and their communities; it led adolescents to less educational attainment and high school dropout, poor health and poverty. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. As noted above, writing a research paper on teenage pregnancy is not as complicated or challenging as many students perceive. It has impact on the young woman, the father of the baby, both families and society at large. Those who are affected are the girl herself up to the national society. Data used in this study are from the Population Health Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba and were derived from data provided by Manitoba Health, Active Living and Seniors and Manitoba Education under project #2013/2014-04. None of the authors received any reimbursement for participating in the writing of this paper. After stratifying schools into preparatory and high schools, one preparatory school and three high schools were selected randomly. Learn More. There needs to be a focus on abstinence and sexual. Furthermore, Socio-cultural difference is there with the case of Ilorin, Nigeria. Socio-economic characteristics and history of pregnancy among respondents in high school and preparatory schools of Arba Minch Town, March 2014 (n=560). 3), the final sample consisted of 1522 cases and 3044 controls (1:2); a total of 659 cases and 11890 controls were excluded from the analysis. Published: 12/05/2020. Mixed classes were thought to be far from ideal, and boys and girls got embarrassed around each other and couldnt comfortably listen or ask questions. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Teens in foster care are also more likely to have a repeat pregnancy. The risks and realities associated with teenage motherhood are well documented, with consequences starting at childbirth and following both mother and child over the life span. The setting of this study, Manitoba, is generally representative of Canada as a whole, ranking in the middle for several health and education indicators [12, 13]. The earliest measure of educational achievement available is the Grade 9 Achievement Index, which was built on a technique developed by Mosteller and Tukey using enrollment files, course grades, and the provincial population registry [29, 30]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reports show increased teenage pregnancy rates in low-income countries. This finding is supported by a study in conducted British Columbia which reported that parent-daughter interaction concerning sexuality and reproductive health was significantly associated with teenage pregnancy (34). Teenage pregnancies are, therefore, a rational response compelling the subjective and objective conditions. The questionnaire was prepared in English and then translated into the local language (Amharic), and then back translated into English language for its consistency. Many teenagers, particularly the girls, were keen to learn more about STIs. Many young girls are uneducated about unprotected sex and . Many teens that become pregnant have to leave school; this has a long-term implication for them as individual, their family and their community. In this study, teenage pregnancies are defined as those between the ages of 14 and 19; pregnancies prior to age 14 were excluded due to low numbers and for comparability to other studies. Studies on adolescent sexuality and pregnancy are very limited in our country particularly in the South Region. The high social and economic costs of teen pregnancy and childbearing can have short- and long-term negative consequences for teen parents, their children, and their community. Information on involvement with Child and Family Services (CFS) and parental use of income assistance have recently been added to the Manitoba databases, but do not cover the cohort used here. Teenage pregnancy can also be attributed to poor or lack of sex education among teenagers in most countries and communities. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. PMC legacy view Positive sexual communication and socialization in the parent-adolescent context. Lower teenage pregnancy was associated with residence in relatively prosperous southern Manitoba. According to the latest national population projection based on the population and housing census, the total population of the town is about 103,965 people (16). The victims of teenage pregnancy are the girl herself, her child, her parents and relatives and the national society as a whole. Research has demonstrated that as many as one in five children/youth have a diagnosable mental health disorder. Deviance proneness and adolescent smoking 1980 versus 2001: Has there been a hardening of adolescent smoking? After matching, the t-statistics of all covariates fell within the non-significant region indicating balance in cases and controls. 7) 1. Several examinations of family histories in the literature show older sisters to have the greatest influence on a younger sisters odds of having a teenage pregnancy. Implementation of Community-Wide Initiatives Designed to Reduce Teen Pregnancy: Measuring Progress in a 5-Year Project in 10 Communities external icon; Teen Access and Quality Initiative: Improving Adolescent Reproductive Health Best Practices external icon; Births in the United States, 2020; CDC Contraceptive Guidance for Health Care Providers Since educational achievement generally remains quite similar from year to yeargrade 9 achievement is likely to be quite similar to grade 7 achievement [30]; this reduced odds ratio may better estimate the true odds. Research questions help eradicate ambiguousness in your research paper. Transition services should stem from the individual youths needs and strengths, ensuring that planning takes into account his or her interests, preferences, and desires for the future. It was commissioned by the Teenage Pregnancy Co-ordinator to explore how young women responded to finding out they were pregnant, who they talked to, who supported them, and how their behaviours were influenced by local services, including access to sex education and contraception advice. Those diseases with the most dramatic effects were the most feared, such as warts from herpes or death from Aids, yet still not enough to influence most peoples behaviour. availability of contraceptives in all public schools. They would welcome information about the specific detail, such as what actually happens, what they look like, how serious they are and how long they last. The sitting arrangement of the students was considered; each student took a single seat with sparse arrangement of chairs and desks. Department of Making Pregnancy Safer. In 1998 around 90,000 teenagers in the UK became pregnant, of which nearly 8,000 were under the age of 16. The teachers were also thought to be quite rigid and mechanical when giving the information and the lessons tended to be either boring or one big joke. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the teenage birth rate in the United States dropped from 61.8 in 1991 to 20.3 in 2016, a decline of 67 percent. Non-virgins in general had often not really thought about what contraception they might use in the future, despite being able to reel off a list of choices. This research proposal implies on teenage pregnancy and its effect on academic progression. About 11% of all births worldwide are still girls aged 15-19 years old. This research examines whether a mothers teenage childbearing or an older sisters teenage pregnancy more strongly predicts teenage pregnancy. By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its associated factors among school adolescents of Arba Minch Town. All covariates differed significantly in the unmatched sample. Appendix 1 presents specific codes used to determine pregnancy status. The age and social maturity criteria vary in different countries and cultures. Today, teenage pregnancies are a worldwide phenomenon. Writing a teenage pregnancy research paper requires diligence, information, and educational arguments. As educational achievement was measured using the grade 9 achievement index (which is based on average marks in all classes and the number of credits earned during the school year [31], individuals had to have at least finished grade 9 before becoming pregnant to use this variable as a predictor. About 37(29.8%) of sexually active students reported that they used substance (Table 2). Teens with an older sister having a teenage pregnancy were also more likely to have been born to an unmarried mother and have a mother who herself was a teenage mother (43% versus 14%). Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to identify factors independently associated with teenage pregnancy, and p-values < 0.05 were considered for statistical significance. Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia (CSA), author. Factors such as economic status, education, religion, place of residence, peer's and partners' behaviours, family and community attitudes, age, mass media, lack of reproductive health services and knowledge are contributing factors to the increase of unintended pregnancy among adolescents in Ethiopia (14). Why are children born to teen mothers at risk for adverse outcomes in young adulthood? In conclusion, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among school adolescents is high to cause reproductive health and socio-economic challenges to adolescents in the study area. Get inspired with us! This could be attributed to substance use or being under the influence of substance may influence the adolescent students to unrealistically appraise the situation and also impair their verbal as well as physical resistance against unprotected sexual intercourse. Rosenbaum P, Rubin D. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. At age 14, just over 85% of girls in this cohort were living in the same postal code as at least one older sister. The mechanisms driving the relationship between an older sisters teenage pregnancy and the pregnancy of a younger adolescent sister have been examined through approaches based on social learning theory, shared parenting influences, and shared societal risk [41]. Know the exact time to take emergency contraceptives: individuals who know the exact time of taking emergency contraceptives (within 72 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse). When listening to speakers speak about teenage . 3). First, you need to have a topic through which your paper will be focused on. Of the girls having a teenage mother, 39.4% had a teenage pregnancy. They wanted to have fun and take risks. The .gov means its official. Nonetheless, the majority of the students settle for the frequently researched and written for topics hence making their teenage pregnancy research paper dull. The Limpopo Province is one of nine provinces of the Republic of South Africa and is situated in the far . East P, Reyes B, Horn E. Association between adolescent pregnancy and a family history of teenage births. T-statistics calculated for each covariate showed all covariates to differ significantly in the unmatched sample and to balance in the matched sample (Fig. This finding is consistent with studies conducted among school adolescents of two towns of Ethiopia: Gondar (23.5%) and Nekemt (21.5%). As a result of their low income, they cannot afford to use contraceptives; thus, they engage in unprotected intercourse. Udjo, E. O. The intro features the thesis statement and introduces the research paper to the audience. The Office of Population Affairs (OPA) Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) program is a national, evidence-based grant program that funds diverse organizations working to prevent teen pregnancy across the United States. Substantial morbidity A cohort study was used to assess teen pregnancies resulting in a lower family-level profile on their socioeconomic status and other factors such as higher aggression among the teens. An official website of the United States government. Words: 700. In fact, it has emerged to be one of the major public health problems . Girls having both a mother and older sister who had teenage births experienced the highest odds of teenage pregnancy, with one study reporting an odds ratio of 5.1 (compared with those who had no history of family teenage pregnancy) [5]. This finding is consistent with studies conducted among school adolescents of two towns of Ethiopia: Gondar (23.5%) and Nekemt (21.5%). Of the girls having an older sister with a teenage pregnancy, 40.4% had a teenage pregnancy. U.S. teenage pregnancies, births and abortions. Population and housing Census of Ethiopia: statistical Abstract. Median score from the Medical consequences, several other social and economic challenge nowadays involved in communities. Feleke SA, Araoye MO, Akande TM, Musa OI, Monehin JO, OA Follow you where and with child to conduct health services research has been recognized that pregnancy and its factors. 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