World Economic Forum. Currently, you are using a shared account. Bruhn, M., Hommes, M., Khanna, M, Singh, S., Sorokina, A., Wimpey, J.S., 2017. Through the combined effect of accelerated automation, the growing double shift, and other labour market dynamics such as occupational segregation, the pandemic is likely to have a scarring effect on future economic opportunities for women, risking inferior reemployment prospects and a persistent drop in income. Lastly, our research is not free of limitations, including sparse contributions to the "gender diversity" literature as this would require data on the number of male/female managers and/or owners, something which cannot be mitigated because of data limitations. Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector [Graph]. Published by Statista Research Department , Aug 19, 2022 The global gender gap index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education, and health-based criteria. We apply two robustness checks: propensity score matching (PSM) and BlinderOaxaca decomposition technique. Freedman and Sekhon, 2010 indicate some potential problems. Statista. On its current trajectory, it will now take 135.6 years to close the gender gap worldwide. This growth is driven by India, where women's uptake of smartphones and internet usage has been significant (Figure 3). This year, the smartphone gender gap has reduced significantly; women are now 15% less likely to own a smartphone than men, compared to 20% last year. Corporate solution including all features. India is ranked 146th out of 146 countries in this metric. Supplied photo shows a symposium to discuss gender inequality in the media sector in Tokyo on Feb. 27, 2021. Combined these results suggest that gender patterns in access to bank finance move with the cycles of the economy. Using gender as a theoretical framework, we analyse the dynamics of debt and equity financing during the COVID-19 pandemic for a cross-country sample of 8,921 private firms. Section5 concludes. If capital providers observe a noisy signal of borrowers ability and has prior information about correlates of ability (let's say a group-specific mean), then expectation of borrowers ability should place weight on both the signal and the mean. U mamlakatlarni ushbu resurslar va imkoniyatlarning umumiy darajasidan qati nazar, oz resurslari va imkoniyatlarini erkak va ayol aholisi ortasida qanchalik togri taqsimlayotganini baholaydi . Bank of Italy Occasional Paper No. Female takes the value of one if the firm has at least one female owner or top manager, and zero otherwise. We challenge the assumption of gender-based discrimination in the debt market, speculating that in the context of high uncertainty, prototypical forms of femininity may be advantageous as financial institutions seek to hedge their risk by favouring more conservative borrowers. The percentage of total senior management's time spent in dealing with requirements imposed by government regulations. Cesaroni F.M., Paoloni P. Are family ties an opportunity or an obstacle for women entrepreneurs? Data for 2019 is not available. Sabri Boubaker: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing review & editing. The report stated that India, home to 65 crore women, has widened its gender gap and has closed 62.5% of its gender gap to date down from 66.8% one year ago. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Gender biases in bank lending: lessons from microcredit in France. Han S. Discrimination in lending: theory and evidence. While industries such as Software and IT Services, Financial Services, Health and Healthcare, and Manufacturing are countering this trend, there is a more severe destruction of overall roles in industries with higher participation of women, such as the Consumer sector, Non-profits, and Media and Communication. Western Europe remains the region that has progressed the most towards gender parity (77.6%) and is further progressing this year. https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2021/digest It ranked 120 out of 156 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index (GGI) Report 2021, which measures the gap between men and women in political representation, economic empowerment, education and health. Political Analysis, 18(2), 138-150. The Index aims to serve as a compass to track progress on relative gaps between women and men on health, education, economy and politics. Earlier in 2021, India was placed at 140th out of 156 nations. They suggest that during financial recessions, prototypical forms of femininity become advantageous as banks seek to hedge risks by favouring more conservative lenders. COVID-19: impact on firms. The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021 was published on March 31. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. According to the. (March 30, 2021). We analysed the dynamics of debt and equity financing in female-owned/led businesses for a cross-country sample of private firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. 10.2139/ssrn.3584745. This year, the Global Gender Gap index benchmarks 156 countries. Nirosha Hewa-Wellalage, Sabri Boubaker, [], and Peter Verhoeven. Accessed November 10, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1253877/gender-gap-index-in-ethiopia-by-sector/, World Economic Forum. and over 1Mio. Assess the needs 2. [. and over 1Mio. Nevertheless, these issues have not been developed in the subsequent literature, indicating no widespread concern with the appropriateness of heckprobit analysis in cross group comparison. ", Sweden game development workforce 2016-2020, by gender, Monthly salary of game and media developers in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Number of musicians in Sweden 2014-2020, by gender, Number of journalists in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender. ", World Economic Forum, Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1253877/gender-gap-index-in-ethiopia-by-sector/ (last visited November 10, 2022), Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, Average monthly salary in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Employment in the media industry in Sweden 2008-2020, by gender, Monthly salary of managers in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Number of managers working in the media industry in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Daily media usage in Sweden 2021, by gender, Average time spent per day with media in Sweden 2021, by gender, Monthly salary of journalists in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Female journalists' salary as a percentage of males salary in Sweden 2014-2021, Salary of movie and theater directors and producers in Sweden 2014-2021, by gender, Gender pay gap among film & stage directors & producers in Sweden 2014-2021, Distribution of leading roles in movies in Sweden 2021, by gender & production origin, Share of women making documentaries in Sweden 2015-2019, by job type, Share of funded short movies with a woman in a key position in Sweden 2021, Share of funded feature-length movies with a woman in a key position in Sweden 2021, Monthly salary of musicians in Sweden 2014-2020, by gender, Female musicians' salary as a percentage of male musicians salary in Sweden 2014-2019, Monthly salary of game and media designers in Sweden 2015-2021, by gender, Female game developers' salary as a percentage of men's salary in Sweden 2014-2021, Female game designer salary as a percentage of men's salary in Sweden 2015-2020, Number of game and digital media designers in Sweden 2017-2020, by gender, Distribution of employees of Bonnier 2020, by gender, Number of employees at Aller Holding 2014-2021, by gender, Number of employees of Nordic Entertainment Group 2018-2021, by gender, Employees of Modern Times Group 2021, by country and gender, Starbreeze women female workforce 2016-2021, Average daily TV viewing time in Sweden 2009-2021, by gender, Watching online video per day in Sweden 2011-2021, by gender, Individuals downloading/streaming music per day in Sweden 2009-2021 by gender, Weekly book readers in Sweden 2008-2021, by gender, Daily newspaper subscribers in Sweden 2009-2021, by gender, Frequency of playing online games in Sweden 2019, by gender, Argentina: gender gap index 2022, by area, Venezuela: gender gap index 2021, by area, Guatemala: gender gap index 2022, by area, Dominican Republic: gender gap index 2022, by area, Costa Rica: gender gap index 2022, by area, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Find a brief overview of all Outlooks here, Tools and Tutorials explained in our Media Centre. The description is composed by our digital data assistant. Corporate solution including all features. "Gender gap index in Ethiopia in 2021, by sector." Use Ask Statista Research Service. In: Making Equality Count: Irish and International Research Measuring Equality and Discrimination. The University of Chicago Press; Chicago: 1957. Gender Gaps by Country and Region The gender gap index is based on one being the highest possible score, indicating that gender parity has been achieved, while zero means complete gender disparity. Since the ability of the firm to access finance is only observable if the firm applies for finance, this raises the issue of selection bias. In Educational Attainment, 95% of this gender gap has been closed globally, with 37 countries already at parity. For example, the current share of women in Cloud Computing is 14.2% and that figure has only improved by 0.2 percentage points, while the share of women in Data and AI roles is 32.4% and that figure has seen a mild decline of 0.1 percentage points since February 2018. Cowling M., Marlow S., Liu W. Gender and bank lending after the global financial crisis: are women entrepreneurs safer bets? Preliminary evidence suggests that the health emergency and the related economic downturn have impacted women more severely than men, partially re-opening gaps that had already been closed. Cowles Foundation. Global gender farqi hisoboti birinchi marta 2006-yilda Jahon iqtisodiy forumi tomonidan nashr etilgan. (2020) show three-quarters of respondents had just two months or less in cash in reserve during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Global Gender Gap Report is an index designed to measure gender equality. You only have access to basic statistics. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Across the three methods, the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) is positive for debt financing. Notes: Reported are the heckprobit results and marginal effects estimated around mean points. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Get in touch with us now , Aug 4, 2021 In 2021, Egypt had an overall gender gap index score of 0.64, placing it 129 th out of 156 countries globally. Public attitude towards women and gender issues, Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Research Expert covering primarily society and agricultural topics for Africa, particularly Ghana and Nigeria, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. The evolving impacts of COVID-19 on small businesses since the CARES Act, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. The gender gap index score in Ghana reached 0.67 in 2021, indicating that females were 33 percent less likely to have the same opportunities as males in the country. Evidence from Italy. Second, policies and practices need to proactively focus on overcoming occupational segregation by gender. The gender gap in bank credit access. Robb, A., Consulting, M., Rafael, L.S., 2013. Show publisher information This means females were, on average, some 32 percent less likely to have the same opportunities as males in the region. Takes the value of 1 if the firm accessed finance from non-bank financial institutions (micro-finance institutions, credit cooperatives, credit unions, or finance companies) as the main mechanism of dealing with cash flow shortages during the pandemic, 0 otherwise. Takes the value of 1 if the current legal status of the firm is a sole proprietorship, 0 otherwise. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. Early projections from ILO suggest 5% of all employed women lost their jobs, compared with 3.9% of employed men. Xu X., Li Y., Chang M. Female CFOs and loan contracting: financial conservatism or gender discrimination? Use Ask Statista Research Service, The maximum possible score of the index is 1 (= gender parity) and the lowest possible score is 0 (= gender imparity). 2Although the heckprobit model is widely used in literature, this method is not without its drawbacks. [. Received 2021 May 18; Revised 2021 Jun 26; Accepted 2021 Jul 13. This puts Japan at the bottom of the ladder among the . According to the "Global Gender Gap Report 2021" published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Pakistan ranked 153rd out of 156 countries on the gender parity index. The responses provide firm level information about private businesses of all sizes, including firm characteristics and owner/manager demographics. Corporate solution including all features. the percentage of the gender gap that has been closed). New, Insights into the worlds most important health markets, Figures and insights about the advertising and media world, Everything you need to know about the industry development. The gender gap in Political Empowerment remains the largest of the four gaps tracked, with only 22% closed to date, having further widened since the 2020 edition of the report by 2.4 percentage points. Access to capital among young firms, minority-owned firms, women-owned firms, and high . Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook