Available from: Schmidt, P.; Avery, D.H. (1978). In the 1920s natives objected to the reservation of the White Highlands for Europeans, especially British war veterans. Even radi- February 24 The death of Goan socialist Pinto comes as the first of several subsequent political assassinations, including Tom Mboya, J.M. The construction of a railway from Mombasa to Lake Victoria progresses fast, but is delayed in Tsavo. The police response is lethal. Mussolini. 2004 October - Kenyan ecologist Wangari Maathai wins the Nobel Peace Prize. A severe drought causes food shortages in Northwest Kenya. The National Museum of Kenya. Azania. The current constitution was adopted in 2010 and replaced the 1963 independence constitution. December The government decides to grant former president Daniel arap Moi immunity from prosecution on corruption charges. doi:10.1038/nature16477. [1] Nigeria is fighting at a war with themselves currently with elections rising and the pre-violence happening while the election is going on. Labour unions begin to organise in the colony and many go on strike in Mombasa. Ronald Ngala becomes president, Masinde Muliro VP and Daniel arap Moi chairman. 1963 - Kenya gains independence, with Mr Kenyatta as prime minister. doi:10.1126/science.aao2646. White settlers control the colony and take the most fertile land while the African inhabitants are forced into native reserves. by Shiraz Durrani. This followed the first all inclusive elections on 27 May 1963. 4. However, not everyone fought along the same. August 6, 2015. May More than 30 people are injured in an attack on a Nairobi shopping centre, allegedly by Somalia's Al-Shabaab Islamist militia. 1976-1981 - A famine wiped out nearly half of Kenya's population. August 22, 1978 Jomo Kenyatta dies at his home in Mombasa. This time it focused on Kenya's Coastal Province. Robert M. Maxon, Thomas P. Ofcansky (2014) Historical Dictionary of Kenya, Rowman & Littlefield, p204, K. Conboy. Item title reads - Kenya gains independence. The British completely negotiate only with the Sultan, excluding the Swahili population, and take Zanzibar. VOA news. Vita Books, Anas Angelo (2017) Jomo Kenyatta and the repression of the last Mau Mau leaders, 19611965, Journal of Eastern African Studies, 11:3, 442-459, DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2017.1354521, Kenya National Assembly Official Record. German explorers Krapf and Rebmann are the first to reach Taita Hills, and report seeing Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. 2022 BBC. 47,000 Kenyan Africans volunteer for service. Party outlawed and members arrested. BBC news. Global Teacher Prize. March Kenyatta is moved from restriction in Lodwar to a halfway house at Maralal, where the press sees him for the first time in nine years. Ethnic violence spread following the disputed 2007 elections. Jomo Kenyatta banned a new opposition party so he could run unopposed. Africa's Independence Movements South Africa, Kenya, & Nigeria January The International Criminal Court rules that several prominent Kenyans must stand trial over the 2007 post-election violence. [111], Daniel Arap Moi becomes new Kenyan President, A coup attempt by Kenya Air Force soldiers in August, led by Hezekiah Ochuka is foiled. Retrieved 21 January 2016. Kenya gains independence Kenyatta becomes prime minister. KPU is banned and Odinga arrested. Anti-colonial activist and socialist politician, A security Act is passed in Parliament that permits the government to carry out detention without trial. The Portuguese wage war against cities on the East Coast in their attempt to control the region. Wiley Blackwell. KADU forms a coalition government with the white-led New Kenya Party. Available from: Kenya Supreme Court: 'No choice but to accept' opposition hacking claims. After independence, Kenya remained a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. October-December Thousands become homeless after heavy flooding in the region. Kenya - Trust for African Rock Art. Through Indian Ocean trade, there has been an Indian presence on the East African Coast since antiquity. Thus, while both Kenya and Zimbabwe developed as settler-based societies, Zimbabwe at independence possessed a far more advanced capitalist structure than did Kenya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019; 201817678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817678116. Somali Al-Shabaab militants seize a Nairobi shopping mall and kill 67 people, declaring their motivation to be retaliation for Kenyan military involvement in Somalia. Hayes and Tebbutt launch the weeklyTaifa(Nation) with a commitment to supporting independence in a reasoned way. Available from: Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title. Available from: Rok Ajulu. The government says that at least 10 million people, or one third of the population, are in need of food aid, and mobilises the military to distribute food, water and medicines to areas hardest hit by drought. Chapter30 review 1 jennarenee153. Patterson kills the lions after hunting them for nine months. The KIM was established in August 1959 by African members of the Legislative Council, and was led by Julius Gikonyo Kiano, Tom Mboya and Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. Some observers accuse KANU of provoking the violence. 16 January 2019. By A. T. Matson. Available from: Wangari Maathai, The Greenbelt Movement: Sharing the Approach and the Experience, Lantern Books, 2003. February President Kibaki overturns a decision by Prime Minister Odinga to suspend the country's agriculture and education ministers over alleged corruption. He is released by the British in 1961. 4 (1977), pp. The government and opposition come to a power-sharing agreement in February and a cabinet is agreed in April. The bombing is later linked to Osama Bin-Laden and the Al-Qaeda terrorist network, along with simultaneous attacks in neighbouring Tanzania. L/S Garden party in progress at Government House. [134], The post-election crisis of 20072008 begins shortly after the election. (1987). He is arrested several times over the next few years. October Kenyan troops enter Somalia to attack rebels they accuse of being behind several kidnappings of foreigners on Kenyan soil. Nature. The president replaces his cabinet, but some nominees reject their appointments. President Kibaki claims victory in presidential elections, gaining a second term in office. The first tea plantation is founded in Kenya. Proxy Wars During the Cold War: Africa. Arab traders settle in Zanzibar and Pemba. The European colonial powers divide Africa between themselves at the Berlin Conference, beginning the scramble for Africa. Opposition groups form coalition - the United National Democratic Alliance - but it is plagued by disagreements. Available from: "Terror group says deadly Kenya attack over Trump recognition of Jerusalem". October A report into post-election clashes calls for an international tribunal to try those implicated in violence. Page 1 Available from: Mile High: How Kip Keino's 1500m gold changed running Available: "Dark Saturday in 1969 when Jomo's visit to Kisumu turned bloody." January the government declares that four million people in the north need food aid because of a drought, which the president labels a national disaster. The Guardian. The people of Kenya were never content with having the white settlers take their land from them and continuously expressed their thoughts. The East African Protectorate becomes the crown colony of Kenya, administered by a British governor. Al Jazeera. The government begins a policy of transporting Kikuyu to reserves and imprisons suspected Mau Mau supporters in concentration camps, where human rights abuse and torture are commonplace. 1960. 1952-53 - Secret Kikuyu guerrilla group known as Mau Mau begins violent campaign against white settlers. 1963 Kenya's Independence India Today Web Desk. Available from: Chap Kusimba. Available from: The Elephant - Speaking truth to power. The African Archaeological Review. Continue reading the history of Kenya after independence. African Independence Movements and Apartheid: [23], The oldest Swahili texts in existence date to this period. Image source. TIMELINE- KENYA 1895: British create the East Africa Protectorate . Dom Francisco de Almeida arrives with 23 ships and about 1,500 soldiers. 2013 September - Deputy President William Ruto pleads not guilty at the International Criminal Court to crimes against humanity charges over the 2007 post-election violence. The formation of political parties is no longer illegal and African politicians are invited to attend negotiations in London. Kyule, David (1997). Nigeria was a politically recognized nation and was divided into three sections for administrative purposes. His grave site would not be identified until 2019.[120][121]. His African tour has focused on securing energy and raw materials for his country. November-December Voters reject the proposed new constitution in what is seen as a protest against President Kibaki. Within a few years European empires crumble in Africa and Asia. Image source. She is the first African woman to receive this prize. R. F. Morton. (2013-07-04). Odinga, a Luo, leaves the Kikuyu-dominated KANU after an ideological split, to form the rival Kenya Peoples Union (KPU). Independence Lancaster House Conference for Kenya's Independence in 1963. John Githongo, a critic of Moi, is appointed anti-graft boss. DOI: 10.2307/220701. Available from: Kenya's opposition leader has been sworn in as the "people's president". East African Literature Bureau. In 1765, Company was granted all the rights over Bengal and Bihar. 38 (2003): 181. The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in response to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lead to the withdrawal of national cooperation and support for the British government and authorities. Jomo Kenyatta would become the country's new president. Detention without trial in Kenya. Kenya Achieves Independence The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. [2] The two also differed on independence, with the KIM demanding it by 1961, whilst the KNP had settled on 1968. On the African continent, more specifically on the west coast, right under the Equator line and in an area of 569,140 square kilometers, lies the Republic of Kenya, an independent sovereign country since 1963. [100][101], East Africa's first woman to receive a PhD, Wangari Maathai starts the Green Belt Movement. About the Project. The Republic of Kenya. R. F. Morton. 8, No. As the new nations . The Politics of The Independence of Kenya by Kyle Keith. Legacy and Aftermath Kenyatta re-elected as president. Kenya declares independence from Britain On December 12, 1963, Kenya declares its independence from Britain. Stanley H. Ambrose. Five people die in riots by Muslim protesters in Mombasa after the shooting of preacher Aboud Rogo Mohammed, accused by the UN of recruiting and funding Al-Shabaab Islamist fighters in Somalia. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. International criticism of political arrests and human rights abuses. PropellerAds Sporting Events 2021-22 for Affiliate Marketers, Grade Four History and Social Science Standards, Invention Timeline Amazon Kindle by Cano Lpez Ana Paulina 510, BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE, The Eighties to the Twenty-first Century 1980-2001. The constitution is changed, allowing registration of opposition parties for the first time. 2012 May - More than 30 people are injured in an attack on a Nairobi shopping centre by al-Shabab. Jomo Kenyatta becomes president and Oginga Odinga vice-president. 2013 September - Somali al-Shabab militants seize the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi and kill more than 60 people, saying they want Kenya's military to pull out of Somalia. The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History. Members of the Kenyan air force launch a failed military coup in which 120 people are killed. Available from: Uhuru, Raila's handshake impact on investor confidence, political stability. Capital FM. October The UN says some 35,000 Somalis escaping drought, Islamist rule and looming conflict have arrived in Kenyan camps since early 2006. Available from: Kalamashaka's Tafsiri Hii was more than a song, it was game changer. Timeline: African independence. VOA. The Swahili language slowly forms as a result of Arab influence, combining Bantu with elements of Arabic. [66], Members of the Forty group, a militant group of World War II veterans including Bildad Kaggia, form part of the core leadership of the uprising. University of Virginia, 1998, p.7, Paul Lane, Ceri Ashley & Gilbert Oteyo (2006) New Dates for Kansyore and Urewe Wares from Northern Nyanza, Kenya, AZANIA: Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa, 41:1, 123-138, DOI: 10.1080/00672700609480438. Bibcode:2018Sci36090B. Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first post-independence leader in 1963, Daniel arap Moi succeeded Jomo Kenyatta as president, stayed in office until 2002, More than 200 people were killed when al-Qaeda bombed the US embassy in Nairobi, The massacre of 148 students at Garissa college in 2015 horrified Kenya and prompted criticism of the security forces, 'I had to destroy a truck-load of beer' Video, Top Iranian actress poses without headscarf, Jennifer Aniston has zero regrets about trying IVF, UK-Swiss science deal as both barred from EU scheme, Harsher sentence for wife of spy convicted in US, Democrat who nearly died keeps partys hopes alive, The rise - and possible fall - of Lauren Boebert, Why four states banned slavery but Louisiana didn't, $1m for shopkeeper who sold record Powerball ticket. Tom Mboya - 7 Mar. Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 25, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 377-392, ISSN 0305-4403, Laura B. Scheinfeldt, Sameer Soi, Charla Lambert, Wen-Ya Ko, Aoua Coulibaly, Alessia Ranciaro, Simon Thompson, Jibril Hirbo, William Beggs, Muntaser Ibrahim, Thomas Nyambo, Sabah Omar, Dawit Woldemeskel, Gurja Belay, Alain Froment, Junhyong Kim, Sarah A. Tishkoff. CapitalFM news. Image source. Image source. Britain at the Turn of the 20th Century. This page was last edited on 8 November 2022, at 05:50. Image source. Pio Gama Pinto. First African appointment to legislative council. Past and Present (New ed.). Moi finally gives in and introduces a multi-party system in Kenya. Great Britain began to rethinking its policy on colonization, and on December 12th, 1963, the British Empire granted Kenya its independence. The Sultan of Oman moves with his court to Zanzibar. "Hyrax Hill and the Later Archaeology of the Central Rift Valley of Kenya". The Sultan of Oman is granted a strip on the coastline. European and Indian settlers arrive in great numbers in East Africa. Evidence suggests that in the Late Stone Age (3000BCE to 1000BCE) peoples from Ethiopia arrived in Kenya around 2000BCE, and again in 1000BCE, to occupy most of the area of the country. Thomas R. Odhiambo. ENVIRONMENT - AFRICA. Horsby, Charles (20 May 2012). June Politicians fearful of Kikuyu-Luo domination form Kenyan African Democratic Union (KADU), which favours a federalist government. Professor Leah Marangu. Retrieved 9 November 2012. December The ICC withdraws charges against Kenyatta, accusing the government of refusing to hand over important evidence. Science. February Reports allege that corruption has cost Kenya $1-billion under Kibakis presidency. Past & Present 2003 (180): 241275. World War I ends and an influx of European settlers, many of whom are ex-soldiers, exacerbates the crisis surrounding land ownership in Kenya. Without effective leadership, the Mau Mau is defeated. Pp. The new national slogan launched by Moi is Nyayo, meaning follow the tracks. January The US suspends $7-million in funding for free primary schools in Kenya until fraud allegations have been investigated. By 2010 the Kenyans got their bill of right's and then in 2011 four older Kenyans won their right to sue the British Government in British court for harm to the Mau Mau Rebellion. The remains of Fort Jesus in Mombasa. A critical reappraisal of the chronological framework of the early Urewe Iron Age industry. doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115. 2013 March - Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of Kenya's first president, wins presidential election with just over 50% of the vote. The tribespeople had been bereaved or maimed by British Army explosives left on their land over the last 50 years. "The Sirikwa Economy". The tragic death of 6 month old Samantha Pendo ignites an uproar over police brutality. Available from: Nelson Mandela was inspired by the gallant struggle put up by the Mau Mau in Kenya to defeat colonial rule. By the 1960's Africans became he majority in the council. African and European political leaders were equally surprised and confounded by the decision. UNEP. 2002 July - Some 200 Maasai and Samburu tribespeople accept more than $7m in compensation from the British Ministry of Defence. His request is turned down by government authorities. The high demand for Housing in Nairobi leads to some developers bypassing safety regulations. Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya, Harvard University Press, 6 Apr 2015, p. "Kenya's Asian heritage on display". Available from: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Vinograd, Cassandra (24 March 2010) Kenya Launches Country's First Viral Music Video. Two lions kill 135 Indian and African railway workers. 1991 December - Special conference of Kanu agrees to introduce a multi-party political system. 47,000 Kenyan Africans volunteer for service. Pre-March + March 48/49. After 33 months of siege, Fort Jesus and Mombasa are taken by the Arabs. Read about our approach to external linking. The UN launches an aid appeal for vulnerable rural Kenyans. I Just Sit and Wait to Die. August A new constitution designed to limit the powers of the president and devolve power to the regions is approved in a referendum. CRS Report for Congress. The Met Museum. Jomo Kenyatta becomes president and Oginga Odinga vice-president. NobelPrize.org. Available from: Kenya Confirms First COVID-19 Infection. On Dec. 12, 1963, Kenya became an independent country, and exactly one year later on Dec. 12, 1964, Kenya joined the Commonwealth as a republic or Jamhuri (Swahili for 'republic'). The Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) wins a majority in parliament. Issued on: 16/02/2010 - 16:57 . Five months later he is released and returns to his Gatundu home. [169][170], The Kenya rugby sevens team beats Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title[171], Afterwards, protests erupt in Nairobi, Western Kenya and the Coastal region. They are written in old Swahili script (Swahili-Arabic alphabet) based on Arabic letters. "The Science of 'Man-Eating' Among Lions (Panthera leo). World War One: The Global Revolution. The British colonial administration moves from Mombasa to Nairobi. February KANU wins the first general election under the new constitutional dispensation, taking 16 seats in the 53-member Legco to KADUs ten, but refuses to form a government until Kenyatta is released. Kenya gains independence, with Kenyatta as prime minister. The World of Ngg Wa Thiong'o. Retrieved 29 December 2012. On October 20, the British colonial administration detains Kenyatta and five other crusaders of Kenya's independence movement. State of emergency declared, Jomo Kenyatta jailed, KAU banned. 1970 - The Mau Mau Rebellion began and continued until the government took control. Paice, E. (2009) [2007]. New York Times. Saba Saba and the Evolution of Citizen Power. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. "Death toll from Kenyan attack rises to 148". The deadline for enactment is missed. Available from: Kenya: Post-Election Killings, Abuse. Kiswahili becomes the official language in parliament. 2005 November-December - Voters reject a proposed new constitution in what is seen as a protest against President Kibaki. Various shots as Prime Minister Jomo K. BBC Online. p. 208. December Riots over rents in Kibera, Nairobi's huge informal settlement, cause thousands to flee the city. The Progressive Era 1900 . 3. doi:10.1080/00672709809511465. Dedan Kimathi was buried in an unmarked grave in Kamiti Maximum Prison after his execution in 1957. Kenya is a country in East Africa with coastline on the Indian Ocean. September Deputy President William Ruto pleads not guilty to crimes against humanity charges at the International Criminal Court. In the following years several local uprisings are suppressed by British soldiers. UNESCO. The party is banned and its members arrested. It borders with Somalia to the east, Ethiopia to the north, South Sudan to the north-west, Uganda to the west, and Tanzania to the south. 1895 - Formation of British East African Protectorate. c 3.3 million BC - Evidence of some of the earliest human tools have been found in Kenya, suggesting that it was the cradle of humanity from which descendents moved out to populate the world. Over the next 200 years the Arabs fight against the Portuguese for control of the region. December 10th Wangari Maathai, a minister in the Kenyan government and the founder of the Green Belt Movement, receives the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo. 386-410. Mau Mau guerrillas organize themselves as the Kenya Land Freedom Army (KFLA). June 11 Moi reshuffles cabinet and appoints opposition party leader Raila Odinga as energy minister in the first coalition government in Kenyas history. December 29 Moi is re-elected as President in Kenya's first multiparty election. Timeline of Kenya This is a timeline of the History of Kenya comprising important legal and territorial changes as well as political, social, and economic events in Kenya, read more at History of Kenya . Various constitutional changes were witnessed between 1963 and 1978, largely justified by the need to tailor the independence constitution to a stable and unified country. Prince Philip accepts an invitation to preside over the lowering of the Union Jack and the raising of the Kenyan flag at a ceremony on 12 December 1963, attended by thousands of celebrating Kenyans. 1998 August - Al-Qaeda operatives bomb the US embassy in Nairobi, killing 224 people and injuring thousands. The Hola Camp massacre sees 11 Mau Mau prisoners die of ill-treatment. A simultaneous rocket attack on an Israeli airliner fails. East Africa's forgotten slave trade. Over 1,800 African civilians died and over 20,000 Mau Mau Rebels were killed. [66], Naftali Temu wins the 10,000 metres race at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City becoming Kenya's first gold medalist. Nairobi becomes the official capital of Kenya. Image source. September 27 The front page of the Standard newspaper reports on a demand by a group of MPs and cabinet ministers at a rally in Nakuru: they want Kenyas constitution changed to prevent the vice president from automatically assuming the presidency when that office becomes vacant, with elections within 90 days. Following further discussions in London, Kenya became fully independent on Dec. 12, 1963. Supporters allege the security forces killed him. The row threatens the coalition government. 1920 August 10, 1920 Middle East Reconfigured After WWI Representatives from France, Germany, and the United. African World Press, Inc. Trenton, New Jersey. Most Western countries suspend their economic aid to Kenya in condemnation of the political oppression and abuses of human rights. Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution, which began in 1952, and the declaration of independence in 1963. A challenge to the results by his main rival, Prime Minister Raila Odinga, is rejected by the Supreme Court. Area 582,646 sq km (224,961 sq miles) Major languages Swahili, English. Several human remains have been found in Kenya and neighbouring countries. Several thousand are left homeless. 23 (1/2): 3140. Colonization Brain Wrinkles The Mau Mau Rebellion. ). "Pio Gama Pinto - Independant [sic] Kenya's First Marytr". Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. vii+391. The outbreak of the Second World War results in the recruitment of around 100,000 Kenyans to fight against the Italians in East Africa. 8 December 2016: Unrest erupts during the interruption of a gathering of the Cameroon People's Democratic Movement, . The slave trade grows exponentially with a large slave market based at Zanzibar. Kenyan Independence Movement. 2020 January - Al-Shabab Somali jihadists attack Camp Simba army base near Lamu, killing three Americans. close. Between Hope and Despair. In December that same year, Kenya held its first multi-party elections. European missionaries begin travelling west and exploring the interior of Kenya. UNMC Newsroom. Sudan orders Kenya's ambassador to return to his country. The Catalan government calls an independence referendum for October 2017 7 September 2017 The Spanish constitutional court suspends a referendum law introduced by the Catalan regional government . He is regarded as a revolutionary leader who fought against British colonialists until his execution. Eburran hunter gatherers, who have occupied the area around the Ol Doinyo Eburru volcano complex near Lake Nakuru for nearly 10,000 years, gradually adopt domestic animals. 1944 - Kenyan African Union (KAU) formed to campaign for African independence. Yale University Press. Arab sultans conquer most of the East African coast, forcing the Portuguese to leave the region. . Available from: Tom Mboya & Dr. Martin L King at a Civil Rights Rally in DC. Available from: Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Imperialism . Available from: Kenyan MP's murder unsolved 40 years on. So Kenyans have double the reason to celebrate December 12th! New Evidence regarding the Shungwaya Myth of Miji Kenda Origin. In 1942, Kenya embarked on its long hard road to National Sovereignty, as the Mau Mau Movement was founded, comprising of members of the Kikuyu, Embu, Meru and Kamba tribes. He and President Uhuru Kenyatta are accused of orchestrating violence after elections in 2007, and will be tried separately at The Hague. Kenyan Independence Movement The East Africa Protectorate was first colonized by British settlers in 1895 and with the creation of the treaty of Versailles in 1920 it officially came under British control as the colony of Kenya. 600 - Arabs begin settling coastal areas, over the centuries developing trading stations which facilitated contact with the Arab world, Persia and India.
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