World War II: Convoy MATA-40: The landing craft depot ship (a.k.a. After a few months of training it departed for the Middle East in November of that same year for Army co-operation duties during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. [1][2] During the Second World War the station was home to the Bomber Support Development Unit (BSDU) of 100 Group. The second squadron to be re-equipped with the Mosquito bombers was 139 Squadron, [nb 4] based alongside No. The FK.8s and some tanks were equipped with wireless sets, although wireless communications between tanks and aeroplanes remained at a very basic stage for the rest of the war. Faith and then Marham. Particularly in the initial stage of operational use until early 1944, the sudden fire from below was often attributed to ground fire rather than a fighter. [35], 8 Squadron's Avro Shackleton airborne early warning aircraft were named after characters from The Magic Roundabout and The Herbs:[36], Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons, "RAF Lossiemouth Base preparing for arrival of UK E-7 Wedgetail fleet", "Ministry of Defence: The Equipment Plan 2019 to 2029", "RAF E-3D Sentry returning to Waddington after final mission", "Boeing Names STS Aviation Services in Birmingham as Key Wedgetail Supplier", "Air Commodore Ferdinand Maurice Felix West VC CBE MC - A Biography", ""Exile" - Between The Wars - 1920-1939: No 8 Squadron is Posted Overseas", "Magnificent men and their 'shack' flying machines", "The E-3D Sentry Arrives in RAF Akrotiri", "UK details extent of combat activity over Iraq", "UK Sentry fleet stands down as disposal options considered", "RAF announces AEW&C, space, 'drone' test squadrons", "Airborne Early Warning: The Shackleton Years 19721991 The Importance of Airborne Early Warning", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No._8_Squadron_RAF&oldid=1115454054, Military units and formations established in 1915, 1915 establishments in the United Kingdom, Military units and formations in Aden in World War II, Military units and formations in British Somaliland in World War II, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, WL790: Mr McHenry (later renamed Zebedee) (now in. The following year No. During the 1930s, considerable development of infrared detectors occurred among all of the major forces, but in practice, these proved almost unusable. An important feature of the DH.86 was the newly developed and powerful Gipsy Six engine, a six-cylinder variant of the four cylinder Gipsy Major [7][8] It was ordered to concentrate on bombing duties on 9 July. [46] These types were also widely exported; Meteor night fighters were acquired by France, Syria, Egypt and Israel amongst others. [1] Mosquitos were widely used by the RAF Pathfinder Force, which marked targets for night-time strategic bombing. [32], Rather than nighttime raids, the US Army Air Forces were dedicated to daytime bombing over Germany and Axis allies, that statistically were much more effective. Mosquito-equipped squadrons performed medium bomber, reconnaissance, tactical strike, anti-submarine warfare and shipping attack and night fighter duties, both defensive and offensive. Designated PV-1 by the United States Navy (US Navy), it entered combat in 1943 in the Pacific. List of shipwrecks: 4 January 1945 Ship Country Description CHa-163 Imperial Japanese Navy World War II: The CHa-1-class auxiliary submarine chaser was damaged by United States Navy aircraft in the Formosa Strait and was consequently scuttled. Section, utility buildings and barracks for a total staff of 1,968 males and 390 females.[6][7]. Maritime Museum of the Atlantic On the Rocks: Find a Wreck, "Kyokko Maru passenger/cargo ship 1909-1945", "Auxiliary Patrol and guard boats, Japan", Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, "Official Chronology of the US Navy in WWII", "Japanese Naval and Merchant shipping losses ch 4", "USS Ommaney Bay (CVE-79) of the US Navy", "soviet Naval Battles-Baltic Sea during WW2 (Updated 2019)", "Midget Submarines Based in the Philippines", "Kyoei Maru no. Through this period, the RAF experimented with many other aircraft and interception methods in an effort to get a working night fighter force. Night fighter patrols effectively countered kamikaze attacks timed to arrive during twilight conditions at dawn or dusk. The de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito is a British twin-engined, shoulder-winged, multirole combat aircraft, introduced during the Second World War.Unusual in that its frame was constructed mostly of wood, it was nicknamed the "Wooden Wonder", or "Mossie". [25], The unit was reformed at Khormaksar on 1 September 1946 by renumbering No. [24][25] A similarly radar-equipped Hawker Typhoon was also developed, but no production followed. The bomber was also used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), which designated it the Lockheed B-34 Swanton Morley was a new station planned under the RAF expansion scheme but not completed before the start of the Second World War.It was part of 2 Group, RAF Bomber Command until December 1944 when it was given over to 100 Group - the RAF unit responsible for countering German defences against the British strategic bombing - as they needed another airfield close to In the aftermath of the operation the Mosquito of Group Captain Percy Pickard was shot down. After the end of the war only one aircraft remained in service. World War II: The cargo ship was bombed and sunk off the west coast of Formosa by United States Navy aircraft. The first USAAF unit using the P-61 did not move to Britain until February 1944; operational use did not start until the summer, and was limited throughout the war. It regained full squadron status in January 1998 equipped with Chinooks only. 2004. Scarborough, Captain USN (ret). The North American Aviation T-6 Texan is an American single-engined advanced trainer aircraft used to train pilots of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), United States Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force and other air forces of the British Commonwealth during World War II and into the 1970s. "The Last of the Wooden Wonders: The DH Mosquito in Israeli Service". After ferrying over the Atlantic, they operated commercially throughout the Americas until the mid-1960s. During summer 1933, the de Havilland aircraft company commenced work upon an aircraft to meet an Australian requirement, producing a four-engined faster passenger aircraft capable of seating ten passengers, the DH.86 Dragon Express. These weapons were to be dropped from a maximum altitude of 60ft (20m) at a speed of 360mph (600km/h). The general assumption of a quick war meant no need existed for strategic attacks. World War II: Convoy SATA-05: The tanker was sunk in the South China Sea south east of Cape St. Jacques by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 38. World War II: Convoy HI-86: The standard type 2AT tanker (a.k.a. The unit was then selected for carrier-borne operations in the Pacific, but again, not used in warfare. After a history of equipment with numerous different aircraft types, the squadron most recently RNZAF machines often clashed with Japanese fighters, notably during an air-sea rescue patrol on Christmas Eve 1943. 85 Squadron RAF was transferred to the Group on 1 May 1944, operating from RAF Swannington. The squadron's allocation of eighteen WE.177 weapons was because of the greater carrying capacity of the Tornado, which could carry two weapons. With the introduction of the nitrous oxide-boosted Messerschmitt Bf 109 G series and, in the spring of 1944,[2] the jet-powered Me 262, the Luftwaffe had relatively low numbers of fighters with a speed and altitude capability [nb 1] effectively to intercept the pressurised variants of Mosquito. Faith, then from 29 September, RAF Marham, undertook daylight low-level and shallow dive attacks. [20][21] Over the next few months, more and more Beaufighters arrived and the success of the night fighters roughly doubled every month until May, when the Luftwaffe ended their bombing efforts. The Navy ordered 500 examples, designating them with the popular name Harpoon. [27] The squadron's DH.9As were eventually replaced by Westland Wapitis in 1928, when the squadron moved to Kohat. In alphabetical order of surname, some notable Mosquito pilots were:-, Mosquito PR Mark IX of 1409 (Meteorological) Flight RAF, November 1944, A Mosquito PR Mk XVI "Z" MM345 of the 653rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, 25th Bombardment Group at, Maximum speed: 900 km/h (559 mph); Service ceiling: 11,450 m (37,565 ft). Twenty Mosquitoes were involved, split into three attack waves. A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after the Second World War) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. [43][45] The squadron used its Beaufighters for ground-attack missions over Burma and anti-shipping strikes. The Ventura was very similar to its predecessor, the Lockheed Hudson. [19] Initially they were engaged in moderately high level (about 10 000ft.) night bombing, diversionary raids and dropping Window. These were reassembled at de Havilland Australia's Mascot factory. A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after the Second World War) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. [3] Although defences had been set up, all of them proved woefully inadequate. [24] On 9 April, the Germans launched the second stage of its offensive, an attack near the River Lys at the junction between the British First and Second Armies. It contains a commendation of the skill and high courage of the aircrews by Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, referring to attacks on targets of first importance to the German war effort. The Portuguese Air Force received 42 Lockheed PV-2C Harpoons from 1953, which replaced the Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldiver as an anti-submarine aircraft. This led to rushed programs to introduce new, interim night-fighter designs; these efforts led to several night-fighter versions of ubiquitous Gloster Meteor to replace the Mosquitos during the early 1950s. The squadron started to receive Bristol Blenheim twin-engined monoplane bombers in April 1939, but it retained a flight of Vincents for operations over the rough interior of the Aden Protectorate. 169 Squadron RAF and No. 4104: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Pacific Ocean by, World War II: Convoy No. World War II: The training hulk, a former. The samples were collected by flying through the high altitude dust cloud of a ground-based test or the downwind contamination of the upper atmosphere after an air burst. While the PV-2 was expected to have increased range and better takeoff, the anticipated speed statistics were projected lower than those of the PV-1, due to the use of the same engines but an increase in weight. Their aircraft started to be delivered in September 1942; meanwhile they shared some machines of No. Known as "Jamaica" Squadron to honour the island which subscribed to twelve Blenheims before 1941. Squadrons are the main form of flying unit of the Royal Air Force (RAF). 489 (RNZAF) Squadron: Handley Page Hampden: RAF Wick: No. It was part of 2 Group, RAF Bomber Command until December 1944 when it was given over to 100 Group - the RAF unit responsible for countering German defences against the British strategic bombing - as they needed another airfield close to their HQ at Bylaugh Hall. The landing gear was swapped for the heavier-duty units from the PV-2. [12], Nevertheless, some new technologies appeared to offer potential ways to improve night-fighting capability. On 21 March 1945, a similar raid, Operation Carthage, again by 21 Sqn., 464(RAAF) Sqn. [7] To counter night attacks, Sopwith Camel day fighters were deployed in the night fighter role. Swanton Morley was a new station planned under the RAF expansion scheme but not completed before the start of the Second World War.It was part of 2 Group, RAF Bomber Command until December 1944 when it was given over to 100 Group - the RAF unit responsible for countering German defences against the British strategic bombing - as they needed another airfield close to In terms of better propeller-driven night fighters, the Heinkel He 219 and Junkers Ju 388 simply did not enter large-scale production. 2 Group, 2nd Tactical Air Force in Operation Jericho, a mission to destroy the walls and guards' quarters of Amiens prison to allow members of the French Resistance to escape. [17] Six months later, on 3 May 1943, Venturas of 487 Squadron RNZAF were sent on Operation Ramrod 16, an attack on a power station in Amsterdam. By the summer of 1943, the Ventura had been replaced by the de Havilland Mosquito. World War II: Convoy HI-86: The cargo ship was damaged in the South China Sea off Qui Nhon (, The ex-United States Army Air Force crash rescue boat, with a United States Navy crew, but under operational control of the, World War II: The cargo ship (1,615 GRT, 1924) was bombed and sunk in the, The trawler (183 GRT, 1903) sank 50 miles (80km) northeast of the Bishops Rock Lighthouse, after a collision with, World War II: The cargo ship was bombed and sunk in the, World War II: The cargo ship was sunk in the, World War II: The fishing vessel was sunk by striking a mine, or by. A restored RNZAF RB-34 (NZ4600) is owned by the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland. More peaceful operation carried out by the squadron included survey flights, casualty evacuation and carrying mail, while the squadron carried out a long-distance return trip from Aden to Cairo and back in 1932. World War II: The cargo ship was sunk at Saigon, French Indochina by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 38. Realizing that radar was a far more practical solution to the problem, Robert Watson-Watt handed the task of developing a radar suitable for aircraft use to 'Taffy' Bowen in the mid-1930s. 6 tanker (ex cargo ship)1942- 1945", "Kyoei Maru no. [56][47] In February 1943 60 Squadron acquired their first PR Mosquito II's at the instigation of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery whilst they were serving in North Africa. [23] The British also experimented with mounting pilot-operated AI Mark 6 radar sets in single-seat fighters, and the Hurricane II C(NF), a dozen of which were produced in 1942, became the first radar-equipped, single-seat night fighter in the world. Malayney, Norman, The 25th Bomb Group (Rcn) History in WWII, Schiffer Publishers Ltd. 2011. 4199 Anti-Aircraft Flight RAF Regiment, No. World War II: The auxiliary minesweeper (247 GRT, 1929) struck a mine and sank in the Aegean Sea off eastern Greece (. Twenty-seven of these were used by the U.S. Navy for anti-submarine patrols as well; these were designated PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon. They flew fast enough that the time between detecting them and the bombers reaching their targets left little time to launch interceptors to shoot them down. Planned re-equipment with de Havilland Mosquitos did not take place until after the cessation of hostilities. 464 Squadron RAAF. World War II: The tanker was sunk in the South China Sea south east of Cape St. Jacques (. It carried the Aircraft Interception radar (AI) Mk IV / Mk V when operating as a defensive night fighter over the UK, although at the time this was omitted from Mk IIs operating as night "Intruders", roaming over Europe at night to cause maximum disruption to lines of communications and flying operations. The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) (Mori: Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa, "The Warriors of the Sky of New Zealand"; previously Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, "War Party of the Blue") is the aerial service branch of the New Zealand Defence Force.It was formed from New Zealand elements of the British Royal Air Force, becoming an independent force in 1923, although many RNZAF aircrew 4546. The only purpose-built night fighter design deployed during the war, the American Northrop P-61 Black Widow was introduced first in Europe and then saw action in the Pacific, but it was given such a low priority that the British had ample supplies of their own designs by the time it was ready for production. The RAF ordered 188 Venturas in February 1940, which were delivered from mid-1942. To increase its range it had no armor and its bulged bomb bay had a fuel tank, giving an internal fuel capacity of 1,192 gallons plus two 200 gallon drop tanks when required. [14][15] On 6 December 1942, 47 Venturas from 21, 464 (RAAF) and 487 (RNZAF) squadrons participated in Operation Oyster, the large daylight 2 Group raid against the Philips radio and vacuum tube factories at Eindhoven. Nevertheless, on 25 July 1944, a PRXVI Mosquito from No. World War II: Convoy MOTA-30: The tanker was torpedoed, damaged, and ran aground in the Pacific Ocean (. "F-94 Starfire (Monopama Special File). History World War I. [16], In February 1927, in response to unrest in Aden, 8 Squadron was deployed to RAF Khormaksar, where it continued in the air policing role. A notable crash of a civilian version occurred on December 17, 1954, killing four, including Fred Miller, president of the Miller Brewing Company and grandson of founder Frederick Miller. While their early daylight raids in May 1917 were able to easily evade the weak defenses of London, the strengthening of the home defence fighter force led to the Germans switching to night raids from 3 September 1917. [nb 23] On 4 April 1944 the Squadron obtained the first photographic evidence of Nazi genocides when an aircraft accidentally photographed Auschwitz concentration camp, intending to photograph nearby rubber plantations. 2 Squadron RNZAF at Ohakea and No. [nb 14] These Mosquitos were transported to Australia on board the carriers HMSFencer and Striker, arriving on 23 December 1944. 627 was detached to No. 27 Squadron number plate was transferred to RAF Odiham and became No. which was in No. This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 15:38. Along with the United States Army Air Forces, it played the central role in the strategic bombing of Germany in World War II.. To ensure that the flights did not violate Sweden's neutrality, the aircraft carried civilian markings and were operated by crews who were nominally "civilian employees" of British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). [26], The squadron reformed at RAF Kinloss on 1 January 1972 in the Airborne Early Warning (AEW) role using Avro Shackleton AEW.2s. Late production PV-1s dispensed with this bombardier position and replaced it with a pack with three 0.50inch (12.7mm) machine guns underneath the nose. [63], A courier mail link between the Soviet and British governments, sometimes transporting VIP passengers was also maintained. World War II: Convoy SATA-05: The cargo ship was sunk at Saigon by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 38. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAF_Swanton_Morley&oldid=1089152598, Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom, Articles needing additional references from February 2012, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, No.
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